adjustable rate mortgage

What Is an Arm?

With a fixed-rate mortgage, the interest rate stays the same during the life of the loan. But with an ARM, the interest rate changes periodically, usually in relation to an index, and payments may go up or down accordingly.

Lenders generally charge lower initial interest rates for ARMs than for fixed-rate mortgages. This makes the ARM easier on your pocketbook at first than a fixed-rate mortgage for the same amount. It also means that you might qualify for a larger loan because lenders sometimes make this decision on the basis of your current income and the first year's payments. Moreover, your ARM could be less expensive over a long period than a fixed-rate mortgage--for example, if interest rates remain steady or move lower.

Against these advantages, you have to weigh the risk that an increase in interest rates would lead to higher monthly payments in the future. It's a trade-off--you get a lower rate with an ARM in exchange for assuming more risk.

Here are some questions you need to consider:

Is my income likely to rise enough to cover higher mortgage payments if interest rates go up?

Will I be taking on other sizable debts, such as a loan for a car or school tuition, in the near future?

How long do I plan to own this home? (If you plan to sell soon, rising interest rates may not pose the problem they do if you plan to own the house for a long time.)

Can my payments increase even if interest rates generally do not increase?

In a speech to a credit union group, Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan questioned whether fixed-rate mortgages were the most cost-effective means of financing a home purchase. He said "American homeowners clearly like the certainty of fixed mortgage payments" but pay several thousands of dollars a year for the benefits.

Greenspan said homeowners "might have saved tens of thousands of dollars had they held adjustable-rate mortgages rather than fixed-rate mortgages during the past decade"

Greenspan noted that if homeowners are "willing to manage their own interest-rate risks, the traditional fixed-rate mortgage may be an expensive method of financing a home." Feb. 24, 2004

adjustable rate mortgage